On a daily basis, the human body must confront a myriad of threats—from pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi, to internal dangers like cancerous cells. Our best frontline defense against these intruders is a robust and properly functioning immune system. This is not about being “strong”; it's about being balanced and adaptable.
Today, our immune systems face challenges that are vastly different from those of our ancestors. Modern lifestyles, increased travel, environmental pollutants, stress, and the global spread of infectious diseases have all put our immune systems to the test. Having an adaptive immune system is vital because it allows the body to recognize and respond to these diverse challenges in a more precise and efficient manner.
Here is where the concept of immunomodulation comes into play. Immunomodulation is defined by the National Cancer Institute as: “change in the body’s immune system, caused by agents that activate or suppress its function.” [1] As it applies to herbalism, licensed Naturopathic Doctor and Registered Herbalist (AHG) Dr. Marisa Marciano writes, “immune modulation denotes any effect a herb will have on immune system responsiveness.” Marciano explains further:
For example, these herbs may stimulate T-suppressor cells (thereby reduce immune
resistance), and stimulate macrophages and natural killer cells. Others will enhance the production of antibodies within acting as antigens themselves. Immunomodulators have potential contributions to the treatment of malignancies as they play a central role in supporting those cells involved in our immunological defenses. [2]
Furthermore, the adaptive immune system—a.k.a. the acquired immune system—is a specialized part of our immunity that learns from past encounters with pathogens. When we are exposed to a virus or bacteria, our immune system “remembers” it, enabling a faster and more targeted response if we encounter the same pathogen again. This adaptability is crucial not only for fighting off infections but also for maintaining overall health, as it helps the body to distinguish between harmful invaders and the body’s own cells, reducing the risk of autoimmune responses.
The terms “immune boosting” and “immunomodulation” are often used interchangeably, but they represent two very different approaches to supporting the immune system.
Immune Boosting refers to enhancing the activity of the immune system, making it more active and responsive. This can be beneficial in certain situations, such as during the onset of a cold or flu, where a heightened immune response can help the body quickly fight off the infection. However, continuously boosting the immune system can lead to an overactive immune response, which might increase the risk of inflammation or autoimmune conditions.
Immunomodulation, on the other hand, involves the regulation of the immune system, helping it to maintain balance. Rather than simply stimulating immune activity, immunomodulators help the immune system to respond appropriately to different situations—ramping up when a threat is detected and calming down when the threat is neutralized. This balanced approach is particularly important for managing chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and preventing an overreaction to benign stimuli.
In recent years, the term “cytokine storm” has entered the public lexicon, particularly in the context of severe viral infections like COVID-19. But what exactly is a cytokine storm, and why is it a potential cause for concern?
Cytokines are small proteins released by cells, particularly immune cells, that play a crucial role in signaling and coordinating the body’s response to infections and injuries. They help recruit other immune cells to the site of infection, promote inflammation to combat pathogens, and regulate the overall immune response.
A cytokine storm occurs when the body releases an excessive amount of cytokines in response to an infection. Instead of helping the body fight off the infection, this uncontrolled release of cytokines leads to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. In severe cases, a cytokine storm can cause organ failure and loss of life.
While cytokine storms are rare, they can be life-threatening when they occur. The key to preventing or managing a cytokine storm is to maintain a well-regulated immune system. This is where immunomodulation plays an imperative role—by helping to modulate the immune response, it can prevent the immune system from overreacting and causing more harm than good.
Immunomodulatory plants, medicinal herbs and their essential oils can play a vital role in supporting those with autoimmune diseases. These herbs help to balance the immune response, reducing the risk of autoimmune flare-ups while also enhancing the body's ability to fight off infections. Recent studies underscore the potential of herbs to support immune health by modulating the immune response rather than simply boosting it, which is particularly important for those with autoimmune conditions or those at risk of developing them.
To better understand the potential of these incredible herbs, here are some of the most effective immunomodulatory herbs and their key benefits. We hope this introductory guide provides a clearer picture of how each herb can contribute to a balanced and responsive immune system, especially in the context of managing autoimmune conditions.
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells, tissues, or organs, thinking they are foreign invaders. This misdirected immune response can lead to chronic inflammation and damage to various parts of the body. Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease are all examples of autoimmune disorders.
The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors is believed to contribute. What is clear, however, is that maintaining immune balance is key to both preventing and managing these conditions.
Immunomodulation represents a nuanced approach to immune health—one that emphasizes balance, adaptability, and individualized care. In a world where our immune systems are constantly challenged by new and evolving threats, understanding and embracing immunomodulation is more important than ever. Whether you’re managing an autoimmune condition, looking to prevent illness, or simply seeking to maintain overall health, the right combination of immunomodulatory herbs and lifestyle practices can help you achieve a resilient and balanced immune system.
At present, many people mistakenly refer to plant medicines as “alternative” treatments, when in reality they are the oldest form of medicines on Earth. As the field of herbal medicine continues to grow, so too does the scientific evidence confirming the powerful role that plants can play in supporting immune health. By focusing on immunomodulation rather than merely boosting the immune system, we can support our bodies in a more sustainable and effective way, promoting long-term health and vitality.
